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Design an object - oriented ride - hailing service(like Uber) that supports rider and driver registration, driver online / offline toggling with live location, ride requests with fare estimation, nearest - driver matching within a configurable radius, a full trip lifecycle(assigned → en route → arrived → in progress → completed), multi - tier pricing(base + per - km + per - minute by vehicle type), surge pricing, and a mutual rating system.
Drivers have vehicles of different types(Bike, Auto, Mini, Sedan, SUV, Premium).Driver matching uses the Strategy pattern — default is nearest by Haversine distance.Pricing also uses Strategy pattern — standard pricing with per - type rates, or surge pricing with a configurable multiplier.
Register rider and driver
Riders and drivers register with profile, vehicle (for drivers), and contact info
Driver go online/offline
Drivers toggle availability and share their live location
Request a ride
Rider specifies pickup, dropoff, and vehicle type; get fare estimate
Match driver
Find nearest available driver (by vehicle type) within a radius
Trip lifecycle
DRIVER_ASSIGNED → DRIVER_EN_ROUTE → ARRIVED → IN_PROGRESS → COMPLETED
Fare calculation
Base fare + per-km + per-minute, varies by vehicle type
Surge pricing
Apply a demand multiplier to the standard fare
Rating system
Mutual rating: rider rates driver and driver rates rider (1-5)
Trip cancellation
Either party can cancel before/during trip
Before diving into code, clarify the use cases and edge cases. Understanding the problem deeply leads to better class design.
Identify the primary actions users will perform. For a parking lot: park vehicle, exit vehicle, check availability. Each becomes a method.
Who interacts with the system? Customers, admins, automated systems? Each actor type may need different interfaces.
What are the limits? Max vehicles, supported vehicle types, payment methods. Constraints drive your data structures.
What happens on overflow? Concurrent access? Payment failures? Thinking about edge cases reveals hidden complexity.